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An “R” value on insulation became popular in the 1990′s during an energy crisis, giving us some kind of measurement to compare home insulation. The “R” stands for resistance to heat loss. In theory, the higher the “R” value, the better the insulation should work. The only thing to consider is that the “R” value is a number that is derived from the amount of heat loss via conduction, but there are other ways to experience heat loss including convection, air infiltration and radiation.

Fiberglass insulation is the most common insulation, but it is only effective for heat loss through conduction, where other materials, like cellulose insulation is effective in all four heat loss situations. Some of the newer insulating materials are better at preventing the spread of fire, deterring mold or insects and blocking the transmission of sound. Another thing to consider when analyzing “R” values in insulation is that gaps and seams can let the wind in, which can make insulation less effective. For this reason, many homeowners are using spray insulation and having air-sealing tests done for the highest energy efficiency.

Recommended “R” or resistance values vary based on where in the home the insulation is being applied and what temperature zones you live in. For example, in the United States, recommended “R” values for attics can be anywhere from R-22 in the Southern-most areas, but most of the country is R-38 to R-49 in new construction. Walls can range from R-11 in the South to R-28 in colder climates.  For basements, exterior area ranges can be R-4 to R-15 and most interior walls are R-11. Not all present homes might be able to accommodate these thicknesses, but it gives you an idea of how “R” values range for certain applications and what new home construction is commonly using.

When you consider that you should get the best “R” values you can afford, you will also realize that your energy bill savings will be more the higher the “R” value on your insulation. Besides “R” value, you need to consider air sealing, especially if you live in windy areas like mountainous and hilly terrain or open water areas. Either way, you should purchase the highest “R” value you can afford for your attic, since this is where the majority of heat loss occurs, and since heat rises.

Walls in an existing home can have insulation blown in from the attic to give a higher “R” value and you might want to consider some of the more efficient cellulose insulation products that offer better insulating qualities. No matter what part of the country you live in, even warmer climates need good insulation to keep heat out, as well. Insulation can lose some of its “R” value a number of ways, including when it gets wet, so any roof leaks and foundation leaks should be taken into account when you are trying to make your home more energy efficient.

Hiring professionals to consult you on “R” values for your home and recommendations for air sealing might be a good idea if it has been awhile since your home was built, or insulation was installed. You may be eligible for tax credits and you will also see energy savings on your utility bills.

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